Julie Anne Smith has been a director since September 2016. Since January 2023, Ms. Smith has served as Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of Nuvig Therapeutics, Inc., a privately held biopharmaceutical company developing proprietary recombinant human therapeutics for patients with autoimmune disease. Previously, Ms. Smith served as President and Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the board of directors of ESCAPE Bio Inc., a privately held, clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel, precisely targeted therapeutics for genetically defined neurodegenerative diseases, from August 2018 to December 2022, and as President and Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the board of directors of Nuredis, Inc., a privately held biotechnology company, from July 2017 to June 2018. Prior to Nuredis, she served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Raptor Pharmaceutical Corp., a publicly held biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing transformative treatments for people affected by rare and debilitating diseases, from January 2015 until the company’s acquisition by Horizon Pharma plc in October 2016, where she also served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from 2012 to 2014.

From 2008 to 2012, Ms. Smith served as Chief Commercial Officer of Enobia Pharmaceuticals prior to the company’s acquisition by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Previously, Ms. Smith served as Vice President of Commercial at Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc from 2006 to 2008, as Vice President, Global Marketing at Genzyme General from 2001 to 2005, and helped to establish the operations and business development function for the biotech start-up, Novazyme Pharmaceuticals, from 2000 to 2001. Ms. Smith began her industry career at Bristol-Myers Squibb Company in 1996. Ms. Smith has served as a member of the board of directors of Stoke Therapeutics, Inc., a publicly held biotechnology company pioneering a new way to treat the underlying cause of genetic diseases by precisely unregulating protein expression, since June 2020. Previously, Ms. Smith served as a member of the board of directors of Audentes Therapeutics, Inc. a publicly held, clinical -stage biotechnology company focused on developing and commercializing gene therapy products for patients suffering from serious, life-threatening rare diseases caused by single gene defects, from December 2016 until its acquisition by Astellas Pharma Inc. in January 2020, and as a Director on the Health and Emerging Companies Sections of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) board. Ms. Smith holds a B.S. in biological and nutritional sciences from Cornell University.